Summary of Changes to SNAP in Reconciliation (H.R.1)

H.R. 1, the final budget reconciliation package passed on July 4, 2025 and known informally as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, makes almost $200 billion in cuts to SNAP over the next ten years, the largest cuts in the program’s history. Moreover, the changes are permanent, so the effects will be felt far beyond the ten-year budget window. The bill includes numerous damaging provisions that will put millions of Americans at risk of losing their SNAP benefits. Most critically, the harmful structural changes that shift significant costs to states could threaten SNAP’s future by straining state budgets and forcing difficult decisions in order to continue the program, especially during recessions or after disasters that cause eligibility to rise while state revenue falls.

This resource summarizes all of the provisions of the final bill related to SNAP and includes the effective date for each.

For more information on how H.R. 1 shifts costs to states, see this resource: https://bestpractices.nokidhungry.org/resource/how-reconciliation-shifts-snap-costs-states.

Note: This is a No Kid Hungry branded resource. For a Share Our Strength branded version, see https://bestpractices.nokidhungry.org/resource/summary-changes-snap-hr1.